Canterbury Tale

Who lived in a cottage with his wife in Astrakhan. Used to be happily married, loved his wife dearly His love was very palpable, seen clearly. But as years passed his feelings towards her began to wither Because the arguments they had were getting bigger and bigger They would scream and shout and yell the night away To the point where they'd wake up their neighbors, all of whom were gay. As their emotional feelings grew more and more distantTheir overall sex life became all but non-existent. While laboring in the fields one day He thought Of a brilliant idea, with whore's he'd lay. While adultery was bad, and this he knew To his morals he thusly bid adieu. He began to visit a brothel Hookers a plenty, all of them docile He'd indulge in his carnal desires While the wife had no clue he was a liar. He returned late one night to home So his wife got a case of the I-think-my-spouse-is-a-cheater syndrome. She asked where he'd been, she absolutely inquired l don't need this† and to be d he retired.Her suspicions were then indubitably confirmed When she revealed something from his laundry and learned In his pocket was a note that said â€Å"intercourse with you was lovely' Signed at the bottom with hearts and lipstick, was Beverly. She finally knew of her husband's infidelity Which stemmed from their lack of chemistry. To receive information and some advice She went to her transvestite brother Bryce. â€Å"Don't get mad, get even† he said â€Å"This may not be the time, but told you not to wed. â€Å"What do you propose do? â€Å"l actually have the perfect solution for you, have acquired a concoction At the recent marketplace auction. Slip this in his food, and into a frog he will turn. † â€Å"If I go through with this, will in hell I burn? † â€Å"My dear sister that I do not know. † â€Å"All right then, whatever, YOLK. † She barely arrived home, before the crack of dawn Just as her husband awoke with a yawn. She prepped a hearty breakfast, the most important meal of the day Which consisted of milk and honey, and a warm souffleWith the honey she mixed her secret elixir Woe is she, what a tricky trickster. Just like a kitty, he tongued it deftly All the way down to the bottom, until ‘twats empty. Immediately his eyes began to swell His mouth opened, but came out no yell Instead he croaked, his transformation was smooth He now had nary a hair on his body, not even a tooth He remained an amphibian, for the rest of his days Regretting his decisions that he made in his naive haze His wife was very happy, tit for tat. Adultery is bad so there's that.

Gmo Soybeans

There GMOs in almost everything that we eat. GMO stands for genetically modified organism. â€Å"Genetic modification occurs when genes from one organism are transferred to another in ways that do not occur without human intervention. The result is a GMO, or a genetically modified organism. † (Farrell 1) Soybeans are one of the largest GMO crops being produced. With the modification of the soybean by Monsanto, it is now possible for the crop to survive when herbicides are sprayed over it.The herbicide that the soybeans are resistant to is Roundup, so farmers do not have to worry about their soybeans dying to the herbicide. I believe that the negative effects of modified soybeans so not outweigh the benefits because genetically modified soybeans so not increase the production but increase the businesses’ profit, and there are health problems that can arise. Having GM soybeans does not mean that more would be produced; it only means that businesses would raise their profi ts.Many European countries do not buy any GMO products from the U. S. because they are afraid of any problems that may arise in the future, so I believe that since other countries are not buying any GM food, they do not want to change back into growing food naturally with no modifications or pesticides, because they want to make a bigger profit. They prevent any change that could stop them from making more profit. They do not care if they are damaging the environment; they only care about making more money.For example, people use Roundup (an herbicide) to kill weeds in their backyards or on the sidewalk. Farmers use the same product on the food that we want; they use it to kill the weeds that are growing around the soybeans. To prevent the soybeans from also dying, they have been modified to withstand the weed killer. Scientists have modified it by adding three different genes to the plant: a gene from bacterium, from a virus, and from a petunia. (McMillen )When combine with the ori ginal gene, it looks the same but it is now resistant to the Roundup herbicide.Even with soybeans modified, farmers do not benefit from it. The modification has not helped the production go up, the only thing that has gone up is the price. â€Å"[Costs] about $6 an acre to plant the usual seeds, companies charge over $40 per acre for the genetically modified seeds [and the companies gain $34 per acre of seeds sold]. (McMillen 1) Because the seeds are seeds are patented, (which means that the one who invented it, is the only one who has the right to use or sell the product to anyone,) farmers cannot save any eeds from the ones that they have grown. Therefore; each year they have to buy more from the same business. If the farmers save the seeds, they will be fined or even taken to jail. Genetically modified soybeans can also cause health problems. Soy beans can cause food allergies. Since we don’t really know if the bacteria gene in the soybeans will cause a reaction, scientis ts have compared the proteins in the soy with other proteins that are known to cause allergies.If the GM protein has sequences that cause allergies, then according to the World Health Association, the GM crop should not be sold or there should be more testing done on it. However, there are sections of proteins produced in GM soybeans that are identical to allergens, but there was no more testing done to it. (Smith 1) If there are proteins in the soy that are causing allergies, â€Å"then the situation may be made much worse by something called horizontal gene transfer (HGT).That's when genes spontaneously transfer from one species' DNA to another. † (Smith 1) Plants should naturally have barriers that keeps genes from transferring to other species, but since there are foreign genes in the soy, it is losing its ability to stop this from happening. Even though it is most common in bacteria and rare in plants and mammals, genes transfer from one species to another, and a study f ound that parts of the genes from the soy were found in the DNA of human gut bacteria.So even after we stop eating GM soy, we could still be exposed to this transfer of genes because it will still be produced in our intestines. (Smith 1)I believe that there should be more testing because we do not know if there are any other risks involved with eating GM soybeans. Genetically modified soybeans are not beneficial because there is no gain in product only the gain in profit of businesses, and it also causes allergies.With soybeans being resistant to weed killers, weeds are becoming resistant to Roundup, so farmers actually have to use more money to buy more herbicides because they may not be working well anymore. Also it costs more to buy GM soy that soy that has not been tampered with. Not only do businesses profit, but we the consumers can suffer from the product. There are proteins in the soy gene that are identical to genes that cause allergies. We the consumers should be able to d ecide what we want eat, and also decide how we want the food to be produced.

Criminal Evidence 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal Evidence 9 - Essay Example The search and seizure laws are prescribed under the Reasonable Expectation of privacy. The right of the passenger was violated, and anything found cannot be used as evidence against the passenger (Creamer, 1980). In essence, I absolutely agree with the Supreme Court. According to the ruling held by the Court of Appeals, the search of a locked counsel of the automobile was unreasonable since the driver had allowed the officer to search only the inside of the vehicle. The court based its decision on the test held by the Florida Supreme court in the case between the state verses Wells 539 So. 2D 464, in which the court held that, an individual has two exceptional interests that must be safeguarded (Florida v. wells, 1990). In this case, it was held that, the locked console in the drivers car was an illustration that the contents were private, and if the officers wanted to access the locked counsel, they would have requested for the key or even use force to open it. Similarly, in our case scenario, it was impartially rational for the police officers to believe the driver’s consent to search only the inside of the vehicle and access everything inside the case, since they were not limited to search. Therefore, they had the consent to search even the brown paper bag. The evidence found should therefore be used against the defendant because the drugs were found inside the car with the drivers consent (Creamer,

How the Hop Hop Music Culture Spread Into Eastern Countries Essay

How the Hop Hop Music Culture Spread Into Eastern Countries - Essay Example Underground hip hop artists and various rappers and â€Å"hip hopsters† began recording and distributing music across America. Though hip hop/rap music was not considered mainstream American music, the artists and their investors were making profits off marketing the â€Å"underground† releases. Such underground artists include, The Sugar Hill Gangs's 1979’s "Rappers Delight† and â€Å"King Tim III’s Personality Jock† by the Fat Back Band (See Appendix #1 and #2). With underground hip hop and rap music spreading like wildfire throughout the Unitied States of America, it would soon prove to be no surprise that the controversial hip hop/rap music would soon be intorduced into mainstream American music. Its introduction would prove to be nothing short of extraordinary, triggering controversial and mixed emotions among America’s youth, parents, and of course, churches. The introduction of hip hop/rap into mainstream American music will neve r be forgotten, leaving countless mass media and personal stories of the adjustments to the revolution (See Appendix #3). The Induction of Hip Hop Music into Mainstream American Music A New York hip hop group called Run-DMC and Jam Master Jay is accredited with introducing hip hop music into mainstream American Music during the early 1980s. Because any type of change is controversial, the introduction of the hip hop genre was no exception. The new style and genre was for the most part, â€Å"clean-cut†, unlike much of the underground music that had been circling the nation during the 1970s. Run-DMC and Jam Master Jay didn’t rap about drugs, sex, or violence; instead, they rapped about normal teen life and the joys... This "How the Hop Hop Music Culture Spread Into Eastern Countries" essay outlines the phenomenon of hip-hop music's popularity. A New York hip hop group called Run-DMC and Jam Master Jay is accredited with introducing hip hop music into mainstream American Music during the early 1980s. Because any type of change is controversial, the introduction of the hip hop genre was no exception. The new style and genre was for the most part, â€Å"clean-cut†, unlike much of the underground music that had been circling the nation during the 1970s. Run-DMC and Jam Master Jay didn’t rap about drugs, sex, or violence; instead, they rapped about normal teen life and the joys of being a part of America’s youth (Bessie Cherry, 2008). They were the â€Å"good guys† of rap, you could honestly say (Bessie Cherry, 2008). In an interview with Letter Press Publications, Darryl McDaniels told Bessie Cherry, Executive Director of Communications for Letter Press Publications, that Run-DMC and Jam Master Jay’s goal for introducing rap into mainstream American music was to positively unify our youth, not to divide or destory it with lyrical adorations pertaining to sex, drugs or violence. McDaniels said that he is most certainly disappointed in how rap music has evolved and does not approve of the lyrics of so many of today’s American artists and the hip hop industry (Letter Press, 2008). â€Å"Several of today’s multi-million dollar production and networking alliances, are signing and promoting artists whose lyrical themes solely project sex, violence, death and destruction.

To what extent does the success of E-Learning depend on the nature of Essay

To what extent does the success of E-Learning depend on the nature of an organisations culture - Essay Example In accordance with a report published in 2009 by CIPD, e-learning is a term, which appeared for fist time in 1999. As noted in the above report, two are the key forms of e-learning, as identified in organizations globally: ‘the web-based training and the Supported Online Learning’ (CIPD 2009). Current paper focuses on the examination of a particular aspect of e-learning: its relationship with organizational culture. Emphasis is given to the potential dependency of e-learning on the nature of an organization’s culture. The role of e-learning within modern organizations is critically reviewed. Then, the interaction between e-learning and the culture of each organization is critically discussed, taking into consideration the findings of studies that have been published in the particular field. 2. E-Learning as an element of the organization In accordance with Rosenberg (2006) e-learning is likely to provide solutions in ‘informational or instructional organizational problems’ (Rosenberg 2006, p.72). The above description of e-learning is, partially, opposed with the most common role of this framework, as a tool covering various organizational needs, as analyzed below. On the other hand, Cross et al. (2002) note that the quality of e-learning, as part of an organization’s plans, is not depended on the funds invested on the relevant project. Rather, it is an issue of managing effectively the resources available and being aware of current challenges of the organization’s internal and external environment. However, the following problem should be highlighted: the term e-learning is often too vague (Servage 2006, p.304), i.e. the parts and the role of the relevant schemes are not clearly explained. This fact can have the following implication: the targets set by the scheme’s initiators are n ot achieved while valuable time and funds are spent without having the chance to be paid back. Despite the value of e-learning, its use in organizations is still limited, mostly because of its requirements. In accordance with a series of statistics published in CIPD, e-learning is mostly used in large organizations, at a percentage of 79% than in medium organizations – the organizations with less than 250 employees are likely to use e-learning just at a percentage of 39% (CIPD 2008). It should be noted that the benefits of e-learning have not been made clear to employees. This problem is reflected in the following fact: in organization where e-learning schemes are available, the percentage of employees participating in these schemes is not over 60% (CIPD 2008). Moreover, the use of e-learning as the unique learning process within organizations seems to be avoided. In a relevant research developed by CIPD (2008) it was proved that most organizations (95%) prefer a blended lear ning scheme, i.e. a learning scheme in which e-learning is combined with other e-learning processes (CIPD 2008). The research developed by Servage (2006) led to the following finding: ‘cost and technology are the most common challenges of e-learning’ (Servage 2006, p.304), a problem which cannot be easily resolved. The use of e-learni

Anything Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anything - Essay Example Black and the female identity have been looked down upon by the society for a very long time. Women of color have had rough time in America but there is future for better public perception because of their ability to fight back and disapprove the public racist opinion. Black female’s role in the public domain is explained by sighting Michelle Obama’s fitness for the First Lady-hood. According to Cooper (2010) black women have always come out to use strategies such as Michelle Obama’s to defend their negative portrayals in public. These strategies play major role in ensuring democracy and Michelle Obama who attempts to eliminate some of the limiting factors has showed this, positively. There are several arguments by Cooper, Darlene Clark and Evelyn Brooks regarding bodily appearance of women in the public as well as their public self-representation. Some writers use the black man’s body to express their concern about racism as well as addressing some of the discriminatory and vulnerability issues that need to be addressed. Cooper (2010), attempts to give hope to black women who were initially subjected to sexual discrimination and other forms of exploitation. Black women were always worried about their role in the society with the development of racism, although this changed during the post Reconstruction period. Cooper views black female leadership as a huge step towards black female identity. According to Cooper (2010), there is a great improvement in terms of woman’s role in the society since they do not worry much regarding racism and their representation and this is central to American progressiveness. The American society is moving towards recognition of black women and the general black race. According to Cooper (2010), black women’s voices and bodies should be positively portrayed in the American public sphere. She considers race women as subjects and agents of both

Competent Leadership in Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Competent Leadership in Human Resources - Essay Example It is the capability of efficient leaders to put efforts to get a factual outcome, setting objectives harmoniously in order to accomplish a mission and setting priorities right as well as maintaining principles, which cannot be compromised in the endeavors to achieve a certain goal. Prudent leaders view their position as a responsibility to achieve the desired goal. This essay is a critical evaluation of competent leadership in human services. The strengths that are needed in order for leaders to be competent in this field have been discussed. Some weaknesses that may hamper effective leadership have been highlighted. Â  There are several factors that a leader should put in to practice in order to improve his strength. The ability to balance various interests, adaptability and the ability to innovate are some of the strengths that enhance competence in offering effective human services. Being trustworthy is a very important attribute of leadership. This is because others depend on the leader in order to be triumphant in their endeavors. Without trust, people cannot believe in leadership and therefore do not follow the wishes of their leader. Kelly et al (2006, p. 182-183) further argue that acquisition by leaders of essential data concerning a range of backgrounds enables leaders to design the best organizational plan. This would serve to enhance planning to offer human services especially in situations that need a balanced allocation of resources.

Understanding and applying motivation theories for achieving Essay

Understanding and applying motivation theories for achieving organization goals - Essay Example An organization comprises of human resources who have distinct feelings and emotions. These emotions and feelings play important role in determining the output and efficiency of work of the human factor while at job.In this paper we apply one or more of motivational theories to suggest improvement which the manager can apply in given work place scenario to improve employee response and motivation resulting in better output and achievement of organizational goals.Motivation theories provide ready and general constructs to analyze the behavior of human resources at work place. This analysis can distinctly exhibit the possible solutions to motivational problems at work place. Management of any organization has to work adequately to enthuse the human resources in order to ensure that they do work in consonance with organizational goals and objectives.Routine-requiring the 5 employees to attend to customer queries on mortgages, insurance and bank accounts themselves. This work is fairly s tructured task. The bank has standard question templates on terminals. Employees are required to query the customer and fill in the required data in these templates. Based on this data the answer to customer question(s) appears on terminal screen. This is then passed on to the customer to ensure satisfactory service. Such tasks form up to 90% of the total work load of these 5 employees.Non routine -These are customer queries which cannot be satisfied by the terminal based templates. They require additional knowledge about the banking products and often present such decision situations where creativity and correlation skills are required. It is an internal practice that such queries may be forwarded to the manager to deal. Normally such queries form about 10% of the total queries received by these 5 employees. 12 13 Problem has arisen as the manager has started receiving such forwarded queries much in excess of the 10% trend and she subsequently discovered that quite a few of them were in fact routine queries which could have been attended to by the 5 member line staff. 14 15 It is apparent that some line member is trying to pass on his/her work to the 'new unwary manager'. This is not only intruding upon the time and job responsibilities of the manager but also resulting in customer dissatisfaction as not only customer has to wait more to get routine answers but also several non routine queries wait longer as manager is busy in answering routine queries. There apparently is a major motivational problem amongst line staff which needs immediate resolution otherwise the situation may snowball with a multiplier effect. 16 Resolution 17 Manager has to realize that motivation comes from within. It is an inner drive that causes a person to do something or act in a certain way. It is a complex inspirational energy which is highly desirable in the workplace, equally desired by both managers and workers alike. However this inspirational energy is missing in portion or full in present situation. Motivated employees will put in extra effort when needed, without being asked. Instead here employees are trying to pass on the effort required of them to management layer. In order to resolve this manager can use any of the 8 popular motivation theories. These theories are Management by Objectives, Maslow's hierarchy, Quality Circles, Herzberg's Two-factor Theory, McGregor's Theory X and Y, "In Search of Excellence", theory of Peters and Waterman, Managerial Grid, and Likert

Cash Rate and Bank funding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cash Rate and Bank funding - Essay Example Long term debt funding is a relatively expensive source of funding than equity finding. This resulted in the rise in funding costs for major banks and consequently they were forced to increase their housing loan interest rates relatively more than the rise in cash. RBA have also accepted this fact and considers the existing spread as new normal standard spread. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Cash Rate – An Overview 4 Major Banks’ Funding and Costs of Funding 5 Pricing for Risk and Variable Housing Loan Rates set by Banks 6 Standard Variable Housing Lending Rates and Spreads 8 Conclusion 10 References 11 Bibliography 12 Cash Rate – An Overview Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) uses cash rate as a tool to control the pressure of inflation in Australia. RBA targets to keep the inflation rate in and around 2% to 3%. This refers to the monetary policy followed by RBA. RBA’s monetary policy also includes curbing unemployment rate and assuring a stable econo mic growth of the country as its other objectives. When the inflation rate goes beyond the target of RBA, the cash rate is enhanced. Otherwise RBA tries to reduce the cash rate when it feels that inflation is not posing a great threat and Australia can have a faster economic growth. Since 2007, there has been a steady growth or hike in cash rate till the beginning of Global Financial Crisis (GFC) during mid 2008, when the cash rate was 7.25%. Starting from September 2008 to September 2009, in one year the cash rate fell drastically to 3% figure. This was done by RBA to help Australian economy recover from the effects of GFC. Next from October 2009 onwards, the cash rate shows a steady increasing trend (Graph 1). Present cash rate is 4.25%, which is constant for the last 5 months (Reserve Bank of Australia, n.d.). Graph 1 Source: (RBA, 2012, p.18) Major Banks’ Funding and Costs of Funding The funding bases of Australian banks are diverse. The primary sources of funding for the major banks in Australia are: a) Deposits, b) Short term wholesale debt, c) Long term debt and d) securitization. Prior to GFC, the major banks had a stable funding mix. However, GFC had an adverse effect on the costs of funding of the banks derived from different sources. Since 2007, the major banks have shifted their focus away from short term debt and securitization. The funding mix now is composed of greater percentage of deposits and long term debt (Graph 2). It is so because they are considered to be relatively safer sources of funds. However, these being relatively expensive sources of funds, the cost of funding have increased considerably relative to the cash rate and money market rates relevant to it (Brown, et al., 2010). Graph 2 Source: (RBA, 2012, p.30) Pricing for Risk and Variable Housing Loan Rates set by Banks Risks involved in lending housing loans to the borrowers are an important consideration for banks in determining the variable housing loan rate. Since 2007, t he spread of banks’ lending rates on all the loan products offered by them relative to the cash rate have increased (Graph 3). The increase in these interest rates varied across different types of loans depending on the banks’ perception about the credit risk of the borrowers and the pace with which each type of loan can be re-priced

US Policy to Achieve Internal and External Balance Essay Example for Free

US Policy to Achieve Internal and External Balance Essay The United States has been suffering recently from recessionary pressures which have decreased economic activity in the country while increasing concern amongst the population about the lack of supportive economic policies that can support the country to survive through the recession times. In the recent months the country has seen its mortgage and housing market fail dramatically due to bad management and selling of mortgages to the sub prime market. Similarly in early 2009 the country also saw the major banks go bankrupt which sent a major blow to the capital and financial markets further weakening the economy of the United States. As a result the nation now required an economic policy enables an internal and external balance while providing more control on the economy. US Economic Policy The economy normally behaves in a cyclical fashion with booms and expansions depicted by high GDP growth, higher level of disposable incomes for the people, low levels of unemployment, low levels of poverty and increased spending by the consumer. The recessions and contractions in the economy on the other hand are characterized by the low or stunted GDP growth, low levels of disposable income for the people, high levels of unemployment, as well as decreased consumer spending which is brought on by the lower disposable incomes available to the public. The US economy currently is in the recessionary phase as the disposable incomes for the public have significantly increased while there is an increased level of unemployment in the country. Similarly the growth in the economy has also slowed down considerably which is adding to the snowball effect leading to low levels of consumer spending and therefore economic growth. The current balance of payments position of the United States is such that the country is facing both ups and downs. In the short term however the United States is reporting a deficit based position in its balance of payments. â€Å"This deficit was above 57 billion dollars in February 2007 which scaled up to 63. 9 billion dollars in March07 which has again decreased to $58. 5 billion in April2007. Trade deficit increases when import exceeds export and vice versa. † (‘American Economy Recent Trends’, 2008) Similarly when it comes to international institutions and international relations, the country is facing high level of competition form countries like India and China that are depicting high levels of economic growth despite the global recessionary environment. US Economic Policy Propositions The internal and external balance is are managed through the Keynesian model which incorporates consumption as a function of the disposable income and the current account is associated with the real exchange rate (Reinert et al. , 2009). The internal balance and equilibrium in the product market is achieved when the economy is facing full employment levels and stable prices in the market. However shifts in the internal balance can occur when the unemployment occurs or inflation occurs in the market with increasing prices indices. In the money market internal equilibrium is achieved the internal balance can be adjusted through interest rates and the supply of money in the market. As a result the in order to improve the internal balance, the United States economic policy needs to focus on improving the consumption in the nation which needs to be supported by increased disposable income and opportunities for employment for the public. The increased employment will result in higher disposable income available to the public which can in turn be used in consumer spending to generate more economic activity and positive GDP results. The external equilibrium in an economy can be achieved when the balance of payments position is in equilibrium in the economy. A positive relationship is required between the government expenditure and interest rate for an external balance position in the equilibrium. The US economic policy should focus on improving the current account balance in order to have positive effects on the external balance. The current account balance for the United States can be improved through increasing the exports of the nation, particularly those of the much needed commodities like wheat and copper, introducing protectionist measures for trade, as well as constantly accessing and revaluating the exchange rate for a beneficial balance of payments position. Similarly the capital account balance also needs to be supported through inflows particularly in the form of investment in the regional businesses by international institutions. Expenditure switching policy is used to attain a positive balance between domestic expenditure and foreign expenditure, particularly in terms of the balance of payments of a country. This is a macroeconomic policy which can help an economy attain its internal and external balances. More over â€Å"nominal exchange rate changes can lead to expenditure switching when they change relative international prices† (Engel, 2002). The US economy can improve its internal and external balance position by manipulating the demand for the domestic and the foreign products through changes in the exchange rate of the country. In order to achieve both the internal balance as well as the external balance positions simultaneously through policy moves, the US government can value the dollar at a real exchange rate that reflects the real demand of the domestic products and the demand that exists for the imports in the region. This can be favorable for the balance of payments position for the United States. The expenditure changing policy is also one of the economic policies that are used to attain an internal and the external balance for an economy. The expenditure changing policy involves fiscal and monetary policies which have the aim of making the domestic expenditure equal to the production level in the economy. The policy for the US economy that can be employed to support the aim in the present times can be to improve the level of investment in the job market to increase the level of employment which can increase economic activity and production in the economy. Similarly the increase in the employment also results in increased disposable income which therefore increases the consumer expenditure in the market. However in order to retain this expenditure for the domestic market only, regional businesses need to be promoted to increase domestic trade. The current account position for the United States can also be improved by implementing measures that focus ion the transaction in the current account. Direct controls can be employed on the transactions and elements in the current account (Bergsten, 1996). The domestic expenditures need to be improved for the economy by reducing them while the direct controls in terms of import surcharges, and taxes on imports can improve the revenue level in the current account through foreign trade. Subsidies provided to local businesses and sectors with high demand of export for their products and services can also take the form of direct controls which improve the current account statistics for the United States. The international institutions that are being faced by the United States in the recent years pertain to other economies like those of China, India, Singapore and those of countries in Latin America. These countries have large levels of population, which combined with the developing nature of the economy and the increased economic activity are showing increasing levels of GDP growth. These international institutions are therefore stabilizing their external balance and balance of payments positions which can be seen form their developing positive exchange rate. Moreover other countries are also observing growth and developmental opportunities in these economies and therefore are investing in operations in the above mentioned countries to support their own economic activity. The United States can develop international relations with these economies too enable an exchange and flow of ideas, trade, business and human resource that can support the local economic activity and growth of the United States by bringing new businesses, products and services as well as revenue form exports into the region. Conclusion The United States can improve its current economic status by attaining a positive position for its internal and external balances. Strategies and policies that impact the balance of payments position for the country can be employed which can take the form of expenditure switching policies, the expenditure changing policies and direct controls. These policies are highlighted in terms of how they can improve reduce domestic expenditure while also increasing the exports of the US and increasing the revenue and economic inflow from the imports of the country. References (2008), American Economy Recent Trends, Economy Watch, retrieved July 6, 2009 from http://www. economywatch. com/us-economy. html Bergsten, C.F. , (1996), Dilemmas of the dollar: the economics and politics of United States international monetary policy, 2nd Ed. , M. E. Sharpe Bergsten, C. F. , (2005), The United States and the World Economy: Foreign Economic Policy for the Next Decade Engel, C. M. , (2002), Expenditure Switching and Exchange Rate Policy, NBER Working Paper No. W9016, retrieved July 6, 2009 from http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=316795 Reinert, K. A. , Rajan, R. S. , Glass, A. J. , Davis, L. S. , (2009), The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy, Princeton University Press

Heritage Conservation: Collective Memory And Urban Developmen

Heritage Conservation: Collective Memory And Urban Developmen Recently, a well-know movie Echoes of the Rainbow has once again arouse the publics awareness of heritage conservation. The government planned to redevelop Wing Lee Street as a dwelling house in order to advance the urban development. However, after Echoes of the Rainbow was filmed at that street and won the award at the Berlin Film Festival 2010, that plan was discarded. (Apple Daily) This time, the government held the totally different view point than before. Three years ago, in spite of the intense protest, the government still destroyed Star Ferry Pier, Queens Pier and Wedding Card Street for achieving more new developing areas. From my point of view, I strongly think that if the heritages can be well conserved, it can also boost Hong Kong economy. Balancing both our collective memory and urban development are the job of the government and the real purpose of heritage conservation. Preserving the heritage is very important as it has lots of advantages. Firstly, local heritage possesses symbolic meaning to the unity of a society. Undoubtedly, historical heritage is memorable to the local people in a city. (TV programmeHong Kong Story of RTHK). As urban theorist Aldo Kossi says, the city is the collective memory of the people and memory is the basis of self identity (Betty S F Ho, 2000). Local sentiments for the home city bring up self identity and the unity of a society. Destroying historical heritage could mean pulling down unity within a city since the sense of belonging is deteriorated. Keeping the historical heritage can also maintain cultural diversity for the future generations. As suggested by the Conservancy Association, heritage conservation is also a matter of sustainable development and cross-generational equity. We do not have the right to deplete our natural or cultural resource, especially if they are non-renewable, to the detriment of our future generations (The Conservancy Association, 2003). Our education system mainly focuses on logical training but this is not enough. Creativity is important for sustainable development. However, the development of creativity is not just about reading different books, but also to experience in person. We cannot count on imagination only. By keeping the historical heritage, the new generation learns that a society can accommodate different culture and also the development from the old Hong Kong to the new one. In an ecological point of view, heritage conservation is an environmental friendly act. Pulling down old buildings for renewal produces tons of waste. As pollution problem in Hong Kong is getting more and more serious in recent years, we should learn to conserve our resources when they are still useful. Renewal of the old buildings would be better for the earth and cost-efficient than pulling down them. The advantage of urban renewal On the other hand, urban renewal and buildings brings advantages. It definitely provides more land use, and there would be less need for landfill areas, which might further narrow our Victoria Harbour. As a crowded city, a more spacious living environment would improve the living quality of Hong Kong residents. People will be more happy and healthy when their living space expands. Renewal of old areas provides better living conditions for residents. According to the Development Bureau, Planning and Lands Branch of the HKSAR Government, at present there are about 9,300 private buildings in the Metro Area (i.e. Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, Tsuen Wan and Kwai Tsing) which are 30 years old and above. In ten years time, the number of buildings over 30 years old will increase by 50%. The problem of ageing buildings is most serious in older urban areas (Planning and Lands Branch Development Bureau, 2008). Old buildings do not only affect the outlook of a city, they can also be a threat to the residents safety. Occasional accidents caused by old buildings can be a proof of this. Apparently, there is an urgent need to work on this issue to avoid similar accidents. Urban renewal creates a new outlook for Hong Kong as a cosmopolitan city. Pollution problem in dilapidated urban areas in Hong Kong is rather serious, which is a big contrast comparing with the developed urban areas. To build up and sustain the Asias world city image, urban renewal sounds to be a necessary action to be taken. The ways to balance heritage conservation and urban development Heritage preservation and urban development may go hand in hand. The best thing is we can be able to strike a balance between heritage conservation and urban renewal and buildings. For example, more frequent and careful check and renovation can be a way to avoid accidents caused by urban decay. Or we can develop different areas according to their existing unique characteristics, instead of characterize different districts in one style. It is grateful to see the government has been putting more efforts in listening to the citizens voices when executing policies concerning urban renewal in recent years. But its a long way to go, more channels can be opened to collect and encourage more valuable opinions. I believe, with our care and attention, the old buildings can be attractions of the city, but no longer dilapidated areas and buildings. In recent years, the government has been proposing different development plans of the city and many of them involve the areas, where some historical buildings or backstreets are situated, therefore the demolition of the buildings or backstreets become necessary for the plans. For instance, according to the Conservancy Association, the Woodside in Quarry Bay was planned to be pulled down in 2005 for the development of high rise residential uses. Luckily, due to the request of the Conservancy Association and the support of the community, the Woodside was preserved in the end (Conservancy). Another example is the demolition of the Queen Pier. Due to the Central and Wan Chai Reclamation Project of the government in the 1990s, the Queen Pier was planned to be pulled down in 2006. The aim of the project is to extend the waterfront from Sheung Wan to Causeway Bay, so as to improve the traffic in these districts. But it arouses lots of public concern and objection when it came to the step th at the 50-year-old Queen Pier had to be pulled down. As Hongkongers can see that, the government is having different kinds of redevelopment plans in the city so as to boost the economy and competitiveness of Hong Kong. But once these plans are announced or progressed, objection and negative comments come quicker than the ultimate result as all these plans have one common requirement the scarification of the heritage sites. It seems that this is a big problem that all these plans bring along. It is time for the Government and citizens to think about whether economic development and preservation of heritage sites are mutually opposed, or can be mutually beneficial. Economic development and preservation of heritage sites can be mutually beneficial, because historical buildings and backstreets can help boost our tourism industry. As they are all of high historical value and characteristic of our culture, they can, in fact, attract a lot of foreign visitors. The foreigners would love to understand Hong Kong culture and history more through looking at these buildings and backstreets. Some of these buildings and backstreets may even show some of the unique Chinese traditional practices and customs, such as the Wedding Card Street that do business by helping people to design traditional but special wedding cards (Tourism Board). If these heritage sites are successfully restored and much better preserved, they could be converted into more popular and attractive tourists spots, such as the Wedding Card Street, Queens Pier, Ladies Street, etc. In this way, it is an important economic pulse and we would all benefit from it. On the other hand, if the hist orical buildings and backstreets are demolished, the foreigners would then lose the opportunity to understand the culture of Hong Kong and thus they may lose their interest in visiting Hong Kong. Hence, it harms the tourism industry and the economy of Hong Kong as well. A good example about a better policy in preserving the heritage sites so as to make them become famed and attractive tourist spots is Macau, as more than 30% of its economic income comes from the hotel and catering industry (Macao). On the other hand, only around 20% of Hong Kong economic income comes from the hotel and catering industry (Census statistics). According to the Conversancy Association in Hong Kong, the Macau Government has been giving much attention to heritage sites conservation since the 1970s (Conservancy). The authority looking after conservation policy and implementation is the Cultural Institute (Conservancy). In the policy, not only the individual heritage site is preserved, but also the whole district around a central square, or along a street, and all these historical interests are then linked up with pedestrian walkways (Conservancy). In that way, tourists and visitors can check out all those historical buildings or backstreets one by one according to their ow n interest and thus understand more about Macaus background. While Macau and Hong Kong both rely much on their tourism industry, Macau has already proved that preserving its own heritage sites does benefit to the tourism industry and thus help boost the economy. Therefore, Hong Kong Government should really start learning from Macau. While preserving the heritage sites can preserve the history and culture, help boost the tourism industry and thus improve the economy, the demolition of them, on the other hand, brings objection from Hongkongers and some related problems. Hongkongers object to the idea of demolishing the historical buildings and replacing with new developments. They also object to the Governments view, that the heritage sites are of no importance, and that the value of each heritage site can be ignored. The reason why Hongkongers object to the demolition of the historical buildings and interesting backstreets is that the heritage sites are of high historical, cultural and architectural value and importance (Conservancy). They witness the changes of Hong Kong (AMO) and are displaying the history, people behaviour and culture in the past. They represent a bridge between the present and the past of the city. Government House in Central is one of the examples, which is representative in witnessing the p olitical change in Hong Kong. The heritage sites are irreplaceable landmarks that symbolize the image and culture of a city. In other words, they are representing Hong Kong and helping us to build up Hong Kongs image! Apart from the historical and cultural value (Conservancy), these historical buildings and backstreets also help enhance the sense of belongings of Hongkongers. You may be surprised to know that there are lots of historical legacies in Hong Kong and they can be found in nearly every district. For instance, Wong Tai Sin Temple in Kwun Tong district, clock tower in Tsim Sha Tsui, Old District in Tai Po, etc (Tourism Board). Therefore, people living in different districts, are having some special collective memories with different of these heritage sites, which means they share a collection of memories with a common culture about the heritage sites and they would then be able to remember the events related to those heritage sites in the future (Answers). Thus, the historical buildings and backstreets in turn provide people with unique social roots. These built heritage sites also help cultivate peoples culture identities and even record some significant historical events. That is why pe ople would have a strong sense of belongings due to their collective memories with these heritage sites and they also pick up their identities through these memories. By preserving what remains, it can also serve education purposes by giving our next generation chances to experience and explore. Of course, some people, especially the businessmen, entrepreneurs and industrialists, would support the development plans proposed by the Government and think that it is worth to demolish the heritage sites when necessary. The first argument that they would raise is, of course, preservation of heritage sites would hinder the economic development in the city. As a world-class city, Hong Kong should and had better have sustainable economic developments so as to maintain its competitiveness among different renowned trading cities. Yet, as Hong Kong is such a small city with a peculiar and rugged landscape, there are limited places or areas for further economic development. Also, due to the high density of population of Hong Kong, there is a need or demand for more lands. Therefore, these reasons prompt the exploration of lands and development of more high-rise buildings (Conservancy). For certain, historical buildings occupying some potential sites, which are planned to be developed, be come barriers. A recent good and controversial example should be the Fa Yuen Street (South), which is commonly called the Sport Shoe Street. It is located on a potential site in Mongkok which has already been planned for the development of a brand new Sports City. However, once the plan was announced, the shop owners and citizens living around immediately showed their unwillingness to be removed. They objected to the plan due to their collective memories related to the street. For this reason, the project is now hindered and couldnt be progressed smoothly. In fact, the project can be cancelled, because it is not necessary to have this redevelopment plan if the Government wants to boost the economy. Better preservation of the Fa Yuen Street and making it become a more popular tourist spot can also help boost the economy by improving the tourism industry, so do the other heritage sites. In addition to the collision with the economic development, the Hong Kong Government would also argue, that the conservation of these cultural and historical heritage sites makes the burden of the Government even much heavier. As citizens all know, preservation of heritage sites is not an easy or cheap task, it requires loads of money and resources. As there is not adequate outside funding for preservation of the historical buildings and backstreets, the government is in fact paying most of the cost in the conservation process of the historical buildings, including the maintenance fee, repairing fee, restoration cost and management cost. This is, in fact, as well, hindering the development of other aspects in the society, like education or environment protection. While we are talking about spending more on better preservation of those precious heritage sites, there are, as well, inadequate resources available for the development for a better education system, or for better environmen t protection in Hong Kong so as to fight against the global warming. The Hong Kong Government should, therefore, think carefully about what their final choice should be. Yes, it is true that preservation of heritage sites requires loads of money and resources. But if the heritage sites can be converted into popular tourist spots, they can help boost the tourism industry and thus the economy. Then they are no longer the burden of the Government, since the economic income they bring would far outweigh the preservation fee they require. In addition to the businessmen, entrepreneurs and industrialists, some Hongkongers are also opposed to the preservation of the heritages and backstreet. The reason behind is that the living condition of them may be adversely affected due to the heritage sites. In Hong Kong, the land use in the historical areas like Sheung Wan, Sham Shui Po and Yau Ma Tei were not well-planned many years ago. Lots of mixed commercial and residential areas can be found in these urban areas. Problems like over-crowding, serious noise and air pollution are commonly found in these districts and are getting worse gradually. In that way, preservation of the historical buildings in these districts does not favour the efficient urban planning of alleviating the poor living condition. On the other hand, demolition of buildings and redevelopment of these areas seem more important and necessary since more open and green areas, and a better plan of land use are needed. Thus, residents in these districts would sup port the Government proposal of demolishing the heritage sites and redeveloping the area as they would like to have a new and better living environment. While it is necessary to solve the living problems in the urban areas, it does not mean that demolishing the heritage sites for redevelopment is the only solution. Reallocation of the population in the urban districts is a more effective and a win-win solution to the problem, as it can not only solve the problem but also let the heritage sites escape from the fate of demolition. All in all, whether to preserve the heritage sites in Hong Kong depends major on its influence on the Hong Kong economy. And from the arguments mentioned above, you can see that preservation of the precious and memorable heritage sites would not hinder the economic growth in Hong Kong, but in fact help boost the economy by boosting the tourism industry. Moreover, it can help conserve the history and culture of Hong Kongs past. Therefore, the historical buildings and backstreets are really worth preserving and should be better protected. However, in Hong Kong, there is only 85 historical buildings are well preserved now (AMO), when comparing with about 600 in total. It seems that the organizations responsible for this, which include the Antiquities and Monuments Organization (AMO) and the Home Affairs Bureau, are not doing enough. Other countries and cities in the world, such as Macau, have already established their own system in preserving heritage sites and maintaining a balance bet ween the preservation work and the economy. Hong Kong, as an international renowned and world-class city, should catch up with them and start setting up its own system about conserving the heritage sites so as to meet the international standard. Economic development is not the only factor that determines Hong Kong future and status, preservation of historical and cultural heritage sites also counts. They can even be mutually beneficial. Hongkongers should try their very best to maintain a balance between these two key factors. It is hoped that Hong Kong Government would soon realize this and do more on preserving the important parts of Hong Kongs past before it is too late!

Religion in Chatharine Sedwicks Hope Leslie, Stephen Jay Goulds Dinos

Religion in Chatharine Sedwick's Hope Leslie, Stephen Jay Gould's Dinosaur in a Haystack and Norman Mclean's A River Runs Through It In Hope Leslie, by Catharine Sedwick; Dinosaur in a Haystack, by Stephen Jay Gould, and A River Runs Through it, by Norman Maclean; the authors use religion in order to give the reader an insight on the stories and ideas they present, as well as gaining respect in the reader’s minds. All people can relate to religion, in one way or the other. Therefore, people have a sense of what the author is trying to express as well as giving the author a universal sense of respect. Although these literary pieces are based on totally different settings, 17th century puritan lifestyle, scientific evolution, and rural Presbyterian family life, religion is the common theme that relates these works. In Hope Leslie, Sedwick’s 17th century puritan characters are so well presented you overwhelmingly have a sense of respect for not only the characters, but also to Sedwick. Even the character’s names, like Hope and Faith makes the reader think of them as good puritan people. Sedwick describes in great detail the nature of the puritan lifestyle to give you the perception of the strict, yet honorable puritan life. Sedwick clearly writes her novel so even if you have no background on puritan religion, you feel a sense of what is was like. Religion was the key element in this novel. It showed basis for most of the actions the characters. In 17th century puritan communities, religion is the law of the town. For example, when Sedwick is talking about the Sabbath day she states, "Not a human sound is heard without the dwellings, and but for the lowing of the herds, the crowing of the cocks, and the gossiping of the bi... ...onal beliefs of these religions are. For example, he shows Pauls rebelliousness very early in the novel when he doesn’t eat his oats like the traditional Presbyterian would. It shows that even though Paul respects religion, he doesn’t let it make decisions for himself. After reading this novel, I had an overwhelmingly large respect for Maclean. His religious viewpoints were expressed clearly and without any discrepancies and his morals are regarded as almost untouchable. In conclusion, religion is a belief that everyone can relate to and have a sense of respect for. In these three extremely different literary works, all is tied to religion in some way. Even if you are not a religious person, you still have respect for the religion. These authors have totally different religious backgrounds, but as the reader, you have an equal amount of respect for each of them.

Its Time to Legalize Drugs Essay -- Drug Legalization

No one can honestly claim that current American drug policies have been a success. To the contrary, the current policy of drug prohibition, aside from being ineffective and costly, has created a set of unwanted consequences including: a high prison population of non-violent offenders, corruption within law enforcement, health issues, and an erosion of civil liberties . Albert Einstein said, â€Å"Insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results.† Yet despite the failures of the current policy in deterring drug use that is just what the government is choosing to do. It’s time to consider a different approach to the drug issue. An approach that will address drug use in an innovative way while solving the problems which drug prohibition has created while also bringing societal, health, and economic benefits but most importantly it will also give back the individual liberties. It’s time to consider the legalization of drugs. Drug prohibition has proven to be a very costly war. Currently the government spends $47.8 billion a year on prohibition enforcement, according to a 2010 Department of Economics, Harvard University report by Jeffrey A. Miron. Yet despite the exorbitant amount of money being spent fighting this â€Å"war on drugs†, drugs are still prevalent on our streets. A 2008 a report found the US leads the world in illegal drug use with a whopping 42.4% of Americans admitting to trying illegal drugs at least once. (Warner) In 2009 a the Federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration found that nearly 21.8 million Americans (equivalent to about 8.7% of the population) used illegal drugs had used drugs within the last year. (Hananel) Furthermore according to the White House Drug... ... York Times. 24 Mar. 2009. Web. 27 Nov. 2010. . Sterling, Eric E. "Foreign Policy In Focus | Drug Policy: Failure at Home." Foreign Policy In Focus | Home. 6 Oct. 2005. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. . United States. General Accounting Office. General Government Division. LAW ENFORCEMENT Information on Drug-Related Police Corruption. May 1998. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. Warner, Jennifer. "U.S. Leads The World In Illegal Drug Use - CBS News." Breaking News Headlines: Business, Entertainment & World News - CBS News. 1 July 2008. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. . Wisotsky, Steven. "A Society of Suspects: The War on Drugs and Civil Liberties." USA Today [Farmingdale] July 1993: 17-21. SIRS Researcher. Web. 23 Nov. 2010.

Real Dictatorship Between Stalin and 1984 Essay

Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from the 1920 until his death in 1953. He has done a lot of good things for his country but during his reign, he also has a lot of mistakes and these mistakes we also can see in the story called 1984. 1984 tells the story of a country’s authoritarian regime and the â€Å"big brother† in this country how to maintain his regime. I find a lot of common between the Stalinist regime and the regime from 1984. I put my point or view is divided into three parts, and now I will describe it one by one. First one, I have my topic sentence called the common between these two slogans â€Å"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU† from 1984 and â€Å"KGB STILL WATCHING YOU† from the Stalin’s regime. And I also can show that the quote in page 2 from 1984: â€Å"On each landing, opposite the lift shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption beneath it ran. We know that BIG BROTHER is the â€Å"god† in the country in 1984. The â€Å"BIG BROTHER† can be seen in everywhere in this country even if people’s home, so it just want people knows that they should know they need to loyal to BIG BROTHER and work for him. Second one, I will take about the KGB, I have my topic called â€Å"the KGB† from the Stalin’s regime and the Ministry of Love† from 1984. The Ministry of Love is a spy agencies to monitor the people who lives in this country. We can see the quote in page 4 to 5 from 1984: â€Å"The Ministry of Love was the really frightening one. There were no windows in it at all. † â€Å"It was a place impossible to enter except on official business, and then only by penetrating through a maze of barbed-wire entanglements, steel doors, and hidden machine-gun nests. † In another way, the KGB is also a spy agencies to have spied for Stalin, and anyone who was tortured and in most of the times murdered. There is a good example for this is the story of a Jewish man who lived in soviet Russia, and one day the KGB arrested him in the middle of the street for making conspiracy plans of killing Stalin. The innocent man was tortured, and when he still wouldn’t admit that he was planning to kill Stalin, they threatened him by saying that they will shoot his whole family if he won’t, and he had to sign. Finally he was sent to a labor camp, otherwise, he would have died. For this research evidence is wrote by Arik Rattli.

Corporate Social Responsibility of San Miguel Brewery Inc. Essay

San Miguel Corporation’s commitment to bring quality products to each and every Filipino home has brought together well-loved brands that make everyday life a celebration. No other company in Philippine history has developed such a rich and diverse product portfolio covering the beverage, food and packaging industries as San Miguel. Prior to the creation of San Miguel Brewery Inc., all of SMC’s beer operations were under the San Miguel Beer Division (â€Å"SMBD†), a business unit of SMC. San Miguel Brewery Inc. was incorporated on July 26, 2007, and the domestic beer business was spun off from SMC effective October 1, 2007. The spin-off of SMC’s domestic beer business into SMB was intended to realize the value of SMC’s flagship business. Due to wide varieties of products, San Miguel Corporation had this brand extension called the San Miguel Brewery Inc. SMB is the largest producer of beer in the Philippines, with a total market share of approximately more than 95% in 2008. The Company has five breweries strategically located across the Philippines and a highly developed distribution system serving approximately 471,000 retail outlets. SMB has breweries in each of Valenzuela City, Metro Manila; San Fernando City, Pampanga; Mandaue City, Cebu; Bacolod City, Negros Occidental; and Darong, Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur, with a total annual production capacity of 15.1 million hectoliters. Each of these breweries is equipped with automated facilities capable of packaging the Company’s products in a variety of sizes and formats, including bottles, cans, and kegs San Miguel grew to its commanding position in the Southeast Asian market in spite of political upheaval, infrastructure glitches, and high taxes. It achieved its status through aggressive competitive strategies and shrewd long-range planning over the decades. In today’s corporate world, most business organizations have realized the importance to the perception of their clients and consumers on the role of the organizations in national development. They perceive that this can be accomplished by sharing a significant portion their profit. â€Å"A corporation’s initiatives in social responsibility broaden with growth of its business. This is especially true when social responsibility is woven into the fabric of its corporate structure.† â€Å"San Miguel is a company of people who care about people and communities we serve  and partner with as well as the businesses we manage. We have a proud history of doing business honorably of working to improve the quality of life and giving something back. Social responsibility exemplifies our spirit of caring. We care for our environment, our stakeholders, our customers and investors, our host communities and our people because they are integral to our growth. Our programs are design to enhance the relevance of social responsibility endeavors as we partner with this vital linkage to our various businesses. Social responsibility is a commitment we pursue for the long-term as we continue to honor our social covenant with various publics.† Eduardo M. Cojuangco Jr. (Chairman and CEO of San Miguel) Grewal & Levy (2008) stated that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the set of activities taken by a company in addressing the impacts of the business operations to its stakeholders. Thorne & Ferrell (2012) defined stakeholders as people that have a claim on the company’s products, operations, market industry and outcomes. The company is committed to the empowerment of San Miguel host communities and various stakeholders by harnessing corporate social responsibility among various San Miguel businesses in pursuing mutually beneficial program that lead to self reliance and sustainability. In creating an environment of sharing SMB comply with the policy on environment and environment management system. Under this is solid waste segregation, energy and water conservation, reuse, reduce, recycle and scrap selling. SMB also follows the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). â€Å"Two years ago, the San Miguel Beer Division began implementing an international standard for food safety assurance, the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) program. Adapting HACCP for application in the breweries involved voluminous documentation, including risk assessment of raw materials, process operations, equipment, and machinery.† Grewal & Levy (2008) stated that a company can act in a socially responsible manner if its employees maintain high ethical standards. Employees must realize that their individual decisions will reflect the company’s image towards its CSR practices. Cabrera (2009) explored that in the business world, business ethics are the set of principles and standards that serves as guide to each individual in the company. Employees in a company may have different ethics. SMB took into  consideration the different beliefs and the ethical values of its employees that’s why they provided proper trainings to their employees to create a good work environment and have knowledge in providing good service to their customers, and to fully implement their CSR practices. The main components of corporate social responsibility are economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic aspects. Its economic responsibility is to bring revenue, make a profit and compensate for all the firm’s liabilities. They also have a legal responsibility to obey the law, an ethical responsibility to make sound business decision that do not violate their code of conduct and a philanthropic responsibility which is to take into consideration, and give back to the community.(Pearce II and Robinson Jr.,2009) Consumers and investors nowadays are highly possible to purchase products and services from and invest in companies with CSR policies (Grewal & Levy, 2008). According to Hecht & Ramsey (2002), what you hope to become and who you are is reflected by your corporate culture. In fact one of the San Miguel value is social responsibility, which is caring beyond business. Because we care about our stakeholders, we strictly comply with the Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMP) and ISO Standards by providing high quality products; we uplift the lives of our stakeholders. This study is to be undertaken to determine the general attitude of the stakeholders which involves the firm, employees, and customers, towards SMB’s corporate social programs. We expect that this study will serve as a basis for the firm to evaluate and determine the effectiveness of its social programs to its employees and customers. Rue & Byars (2003) states socially responsible firm goes beyond its obligation required by law and practices long term goal that are beneficial to the society. Knowing this SMB has its own waste water plant to ensure the water disposed isn’t harmful to the environment. In addition, the company helps the communities where they operate by caring for the environment. According to London & Morfopoules (2010) a CSR program put in place can only succeed if it is given full consideration. A social program design and actively pursue not only for poverty alleviation, (through job and benefits for the employees), educational help (sponsoring scholarships), health (conducting medical and dental mission) and environmental protect (proper waste management from within and without company premises). As a part of its CSR programs, SMB conduct their outreach  programs such as tree planting activities are done by the company. The company promotes education to youth from low income families through scholarships, literacy classes and support programs like supplemental feeding, book donations and so on that strengthen communities through capability building activities and the provision of basic social services support local enterprises that bring livelihood opportunities to community groups, dependents, San Miguel retirees and other stakeholders provide assistance to disaster stricken communities through relief and rehabilitation programs and protect, preserve and regenerate the environment. The perspective on strategic CSR developed in this paper will help managers to design strategic CSR programs based on its focus and direction, pro-activeness, activity nature, unique characteristics and benefits. CSR nowadays become a trend in any company and it is considered as one of the business strategy that the firm uses to survive in the industry. But still, doing these activities, firms are not free from different problems. In addition, having a good reputation from the public not easily gained. Thus, the researchers aim to determine the perception of customers and employees of SMB. This study will attempt to answer the following questions: This study will attempt to answer the following questions: 1. How may the respondents be described in terms of: 1.1. Age 1.2. Gender 1.3. Occupation 1.4. Place of Recedence 2. How may the Corporate Social Responsibility Program of San Miguel Brewery Inc. be assessed by its stakeholders in terms of: a. Ethical b .Legal c. Economic d. Philanthropic 3. Are there significant differences into the response of the respondents? 3.1. Employees 3.2. Community 4. What are the possible implications of the general CSR programs of SMB in creating a good perception to its customers and employees? Hypothesis Ho Ho: There are no significant differences on the response of the respondents. In terms of the ethical, legal, economic and philanthropic practices of the company. The framework of the study is divided into three parts. The first part of the framework shows the inputs that would be processed and analyze to explore the perception of the community and employees regarding the CSR program of SMB. The next part discussed about the process that would be use in variable evaluation. The last part after the evaluation and analysis is the discussion of the result of the processed inputs. Conclusions and recommendations will be given after determining the impact of Corporate Social Responsibilities to San Miguel Brewery Inc. Input The CSR practices of SMB in terms of: * Economic * Ethical * Legal * Philanthropic Process * Frequency Distribution * Weighted Mean * T-test Output To determine how the CSR practices of SMB influence the perception of employees and customers. Figure 1 This study on CSR of San Miguel Brewery Inc. is deemed significant to the following: Owner/Manager of San Miguel Brewery Inc. This study would give further insights about the firm’s current status in the industry. The study would give information that the controlling officers of the company could use to evaluate how effective the current management practices are. In addition, the study could be further utilized as a tool in determining the existing challenges concerning aspects regarding its current corporate social responsibility. Industry. This study would provide information regarding the current status of the company as an integral part of the industry in general. It would provide points that would help customers in determining if SMB is socially responsible and what practices it performs for them. Future Investors. Vital information is contained in this study, thus it is highly beneficial for individuals with investment intents. Through this, investors would gain advantage and understanding on the venture they wish to enter. This study would give them pointers on their planning and strategizing stage. Future Researches. This study would serve as a reference for future researchers in completion of academic requisites.

Child Development and Attachment Theory

In this essay I will critically consider how social workers can use their understanding of Child Development and Attachment Theory in the assessment of children and families. To do this I will first discuss the aims of assessment in order to talk about how Development and Attachment theory can be used by social workers to meet these aims as well as the limitations of these theories. In order to critically discuss the use of Developmental and Attachment Theory in assessment it is first important to understand what assessment is, and what its aims are.The assessment of children and families is nothing new but until the late 1970s it was something that was generally perceived to be a task of when children were taken into care. In 1981 it was recommended that a boarder approach should be used for children who required support but it was not until 1988 that the government produced practice guidance on assessment (Horwath, 2010). The Children Act 1989 gave local authorities the duty of wor king with and supporting carers and families of ‘children in need’ defined under Part III section 17 of the Act.The focus was not just on protecting children from harm, but also promoting their welfare. In 1997 the Labour Government came into power and in 1998 announced the development of a national assessment framework as part of the Governments aim to modernise services and improve outcomes for children (Horwath, 2010). In 2000 The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families was published and emphasised the importance of a systematic and comprehensive assessment of children and their families (Bingley-Miller and Bentovim, 2003).Its is important to note that the framework is not meant to be a checklist but rather a framework that can be used to suit individual circumstances (Gray 2002), the framework is not just for social workers but has been constructed to assist practitioners in all disciplines think about what is happening to a child and the family. The Framework emphasises the importance of children’s development and promoting and safeguarding their welfare by preventing developmental impairment (Rose, 2010).The purpose of the framework is to see both the inner and outer worlds of children and to help the practitioner explore these worlds with the child, families and others involved and come to an agreement about what is happening and what support is needed. The framework has been modelled as a triangle and represents three domains to show the key aspects of the child’s inner and outer world, as shown below the triangle shows the importance of the child’s development needs, parenting capacity and family and environmental factors.

Impact the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry Essay

Discuss the impact the Stephen Lawrence inquiry has had on the Criminal Justice System? This essay will screen through the changes made in major areas of Criminal Justice System after the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry Report published and attempts to address changes that have already implemented, the supposed and actual outcomes, and effectiveness of these changes in tackling institutional racism mainly based on qualitative academic debates. The murder of Stephen Lawrence, a black British teenager, in a racist attack in 1993, resulted in a detailed inquiry published in 1999 outlining the existence of institutional racism and as many as 70 recommended changes in policies regarding how police should communicate with ethnic minority groups such that these people will trust police, as well as the practice of handling hate crime. Adoption of these changes, as well as reaction of criminal justice system towards the crime, seems to be slow. It is not until January 2012, thirteen years after the inquiry led by Sir William Macpherson concluded, that changes in the Criminal Justice System have finally resulted in two of the five perpetuators successfully sentenced to jail. The various problems in adopting such changes will be reviewed in assessing the overall effectiveness of suggestions made by Sir William Macpherson in the inquiry report. Policing practice is the key area in the report. Institutional racism, as defined by Sir William Macpherson in Stephen Lawrence Inquiry report, is â€Å"the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour; culture, or ethnic origin. It can be seen or detected in processes, attitudes and behaviour which amount to discrimination through unwitting prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness and racist stereotyping which disadvantage minority ethnic people† (Macpherson, 1999). It is noted that the Metropolitan Police Force accepted this definition and criticism (House of Commons Home Affair Committee, 2009) despite initial strong reaction from frontline officers (Foster et al, 2005, Foster 2008). In academic setting the acceptance of such definition is disputed, however. While earlier journal articles criticized the definition of institutional racism, and sometimes the whole inquiry report, as flawed and problematic (for example McLaughlin and Murji 1999, Innes 1999, Anthias, 1999), later academic articles and reports focus on monitoring the implementation of suggestions and appreciation of changes suggested in the inquiry report. While the definition of institutional racism is not the focus in assessing the overall effectiveness of Stephen Lawrence Inquiry on criminal justice system, how people react with this definition is crucial, and the initial unwelcoming reaction towards the inquiry report probably explains the significant delay in implementing some of the suggested changes. The other focus area on policing is stop and search power and practices. In the report Macpherson (1999) recommends more detailed records on stop and search incidents, which requires two copy of records detailing the reason for the search, the findings and action taken, and ethnic identity provided by the person being searched. While one copy is retained by police force, the other copy must be given to the person being searched. The record is simplified to a receipt in 2009 only showing ethnicity of the person being searched and the location, and the full record can now only obtain in person at police station or online (Bennetto 2009, Miller 2010). Bennetto (2009) expressed concern in his report, claiming such change â€Å"shift[s] back towards the discredited pre-1995 model†. Such concern is reasonable because it can be seen as tightening of information freedom, which contradicts to what Macpherson hoped to achieve through his suggestion on stop and search records. No changes are suggested in relation to stop and search power, which the reason is not suggested. Changes in stop and search practices are, however, can be observed, as stated in Miller’s (2010) evaluation. Apart from periodically publishing stop and search records, supervisors and managers of police force are now required to closely monitor such statistics and take timely actions if something wrong is being observed. Also stricter rules on stop and search have since been imposed, along with the requirement of police officers writing a detailed report on spot about every single incident which subjects to review seems helpful in improving police conduct (Fyfe 1979; Skogan and Frydl 2004 in Miller 2010). While stop and search practice has been somehow improved, racial discrimination can still be seen in stop and search statistics. The notion of â€Å"Black and minority ethnic groups, particularly black people, have for many years been disproportionately at the receiving end of police stop and search—a fact associated with profound community resentment towards the police† (Bowling and Phillips 2002 in Miller 2010) still largely applies today. Miller’s (2010) analysis indicate that black people are about 6 times more likely to be stopped and searched, while it is about 2 times more likely for Asians. Similar idea is seen in Bennetto’s (2009) report, which draws on police statistics that shows in 2009 â€Å"black people are seven times more likely to be stopped and searched than white†, worse than Miller’s analysis with the most recent figures in 2008. No official explaination is provided by Police, but Bennetto (2009) assumes this may be caused by simply discrimination of police officers against black youths or misunderstanding of black youths as ‘problem seekers’ by police officers that prompts them to carry out stop and search. This can be seen as a weakness in Macpherson report as such issue still exists after related recommendations have been implemented (House of Commons Home Affair Committee, 2009). Another area addressed in policing is the significant underrepresentation of p olice officers with self-claimed minority ethnic identity. Macpherson examined this issue with particular focus on employment practices of police force. Although Black Police Associations have existed well before the inquiry report published, it has been viewed as â€Å"fragile† (Holdaway and O’Neill, 2006), and Macpherson report have actually overseen this as a tool for promoting recruitment of minority ethnic police officers, particularly black. The result is that police force still faces difficulties in recruiting ethnic minority police officers thus unable to achieve their set targets (House of Commons Home Affair Committee 2009, Foster et al 2005). New recruit training scheme has since been launched, however it is the organizational culture, dominated by racism, that creates the ‘glass ceiling’ of ethnic minority and women police officers which fears such potential applicants off regardless of what the police force attempt to promote in recruitment advertisement (Fielding, 1999). Legislation and Adjudication is not a focus area in Macpherson report. Macpherson (1999) only suggested current sentencing practices to remain in place, and the abolishment of double jeopardy rule on murder charges due to seriousness of such crime. The abolishment of double jeopardy rule on murder charges seems to have nothing to do with institutional racism; rather, this change, implemented only in 2005, seems only to pave the path for retrial on the murder of Stephen Lawrence, which the police force admits to have been mishandled (Foster et al, 2005). It is a positive move, however, because such change in legislation allows two of the perpetuators to be sentenced to prison and clearly demonstrate how the criminal justice system accept criticism on past mistakes. There are debates on overall effectiveness of the changes suggested in Macpherson report. One claim, as noted in Rowe’s work (2004) and Waddington’s (1999), is that institutional racism is so deeply rooted in police force in which discrimination has actually become a culture, evidenced by female officers and those of ethnic minorities do not receive equal opportunities in promotion. Innes (1999) also claimed in his work that Macpherson report focus too much on institutional racism and â€Å"fails to understand the complexities and subtleties intrinsic to, and constitutive of this particular aspect of police work†, and at the same time â€Å"displays a tendency to conflate what are in actuality separate problems of racism and systemic management failures†, thus raising doubts in the overall effectiveness of the suggestions. However, official report in 2009 indicates that the recommendations are being implemented with positive feedback (House of Commons Home Affair Committee, 2009). In recent journal articles, although concerns have been raised as well, there are still acknowledgements of changes being implemented and positive outcomes have been observed (Bennetto 2009, Miller 2010, Rowe 2004). It can be seen that if all the changes are implemented, institutional racism can be effectively tackled; one cannot expect it to completely diminish, however. To conclude, it is obvious the Criminal Justice System has positively implemented to almost all of the suggested changes in the Macpherson Report. The time taken to implement these changes, however, is considered too long that hate crimes, similar to the murder of Stephen Lawrence, has not been addressed timely before 2005. The limitation of the Macpherson inquiry in the areas of policing, legislation and adjudication practices only leads to issues in correction institutions not properly addressed. However, as the inquiry itself is based on a single unresolved hate crime that occurred 6 years before the inquiry, one cannot expect the inquiry to address every single issue in the criminal justice system. In fact, the coverage of Macpherson inquiry is so wide that institutional racism has been properly tackled in the past ten years, although still exists today because it has become a culture so deeply rooted in the criminal justice system that complete elimination is virtually impossible. Not all intended effects of the changes can be seen by now, but there is an obvious trend that the criminal justice system has accepted the criticism as institutional racist and moving on the right direction to have things amended. In recent years human right advocacies such as Equality and Human Rights Commission has put an eye on this particular issue and with their consistent lobbying effort, one can expect major progress in eliminating institutional racism from criminal justice system to be successfully achieved in foreseeable future. Bibliography Anthias, F (1999) Institutional Racism, Power and Accountability, Sociological Research Online, vol. 4(1). Available from: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/4/lawrence/ /anthias.htm [Accessed November 30, 2012] Bennetto, J. (2009) Police and racism: what has been achieved 10 years after the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry report? London: Equality and Human Rights Commission. Available from: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/raceinbritain/ policeandracism.pdf [Accessed November 30, 2012] Foster, J. (2008) ‘It might have been incompetent, but it wasn’t racist’: murder detectives’ perceptions of the Lawrence Inquiry and its impact on homicide investigation in London, Policing & Society, Vol. 18(2), pp. 89-112 Foster, J. et al (2005) Assessing the impact of the Stephen Lawrence inquiry, London: Home Office. Available from: http://library.npia.police.uk/docs/hors/hors294.pdf [Accessed December 1, 2012] Fielding, N. (1999) Policing’s Dark Secret: The Career Paths of Ethnic Minority Officers, Sociological Research Online, vol. 4(1). Available from: http://www.socresonline.org. uk/4/lawrence/fielding.html [Accessed November 30, 2012] Holdaway, S. (1999) Understanding the Police Investigation of the Murder of Stephen Lawrence: A ‘Mundane Sociological Analysis’, Sociological Research Online, vol. 4(1). Available from: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/4/lawrence/holdaway.html [Accessed November 30, 2012] Holdaway, S. and O’Neill, M. (2006) Ethnicity and culture: thinking about ‘police ethnicity’, British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 57(3), pp. 483-502 House of Commons Home Affair Committee. (2009) The Macpherson Report – Ten Years On, London: Stationery Office. Available from: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/ pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmhaff/427/427.pdf [Accessed November 30, 2012] Innes, M. (1999) Beyond the Macpherson Report: Managing Murder Inquiries in Context, Sociological Research Online, v ol. 4(1), available at: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/ 4/lawrence/innes.html [Accessed November 30, 2012] Miller, J. (2010) Stop and Search in England: A Reformed Tactic or Business as Usual?, British Journal of Criminology, 50, pp. 954-974 Macpherson, Sir William. (1999) The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry, London: HMSO. McLaughlin, E. and Murji, K. (1999) After the Stephen Lawrence Report, Critical Social Policy, Vol. 19(3): 371-385. Murji, K. (2007) Sociological engagements: Institutional racism and beyond, Sociology-the Journal Of The British Sociological Association, Vol.41(5), pp.843-855 Rowe, M. (2004) Policing, Race and Racism, Cullompton, Willan (Chapter 3) Shiner, M. (2010) Post-Lawrence policing in England and Whales: Guilt Innocence and the Defence of Organizational Ego, British Journal of Criminology, 50, pp. 935-953 Waddington, P (1999) Discretion, ‘Respectability’ and Institutional Police Racism, Sociological Research Online, vol. 4(1), Available from: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/4/ lawrence/waddington.htm [Accessed December 1, 2012]

Med School Essay

I had a long discussion with my dad today about religion, but I also got a touch of his childhood. As the discussion progressed, I came to the realization that I know nearly nothing about my father my whole life. This was one of the first times he actually spoke to me about his past in any sort of detail at all my whole life. The only thing he would tell me as I grew up was that his father passed away when my dad was nine and that his father was an honest man. I still have much, much more to learn about my dad’s past, but the things he told me have made me so grateful to be born in America and  to have such high hopes for a brighter future. Today I found out that my grandfather went to college in the number one university in South Korea to study electricity, but he didn’t know a thing about light switches. My grandfather was a coal worker who participated in the strikes of 1987 that swept the nation off its feet. Unfortunately, he passed away nine years into my father’s life for reasons my dad has yet to tell me. Following my grandfather’s death, my dad’s family had a really rough time, moving around the country and being dirt poor to the point where malnutrition became a health concern in his  childhood. There were days when he would be out for a walk and he’d suddenly collapse on the spot due to intense stomach pains. People would pass by, but no one ever helped him up. After lying on the ground for God knows how long, he would rush back to the house to poop, only to find his efforts futile. He couldn’t afford a doctor and his mother was too busy trying to make ends meet. On top of that, he had two older sisters and, later, two older step-sisters. He attended college in Korea, where he started to form his smoking and drinking habits, which he  still carries to this day. Despite having friends who all started smoking and drinking in high school, he was always the one who stayed clean. I guess college changed him. (On the bright side, he promised me that he would quit smoking starting January of 2015. I told him that if he continues to smoke, that I would start smoking too. Wish him luck! ) In his twenties, he moved to the states with his mother in hopes of a better life. I guess he moved to the wrong part of America though because he had a lot of trouble with the people he interacted with  everyday and a colossal language barrier that prevented him from truly appreciating life in the states. He told me that he didn’t truly get the opportunity to live a normal life due to having to work long hours every single day just to get by. When he was thirty, he had me. A little bundle of hope that would be raised to live a life nothing like the one that my dad had to live. So why am I writing all of this? I honestly do not know. But if there’s one thing I’m damn sure of, it’s that I want to make sure my dad’s efforts aren’t in vain. My whole life I’ve been careless and a bit too relaxed about everything. I failed through middle school and I got suspended a grand total of four times. I had the same work ethic in high school, but I managed to get by with a 3. 7 GPA. My SAT score was a lifesaver in getting me into NYU, the school that I am currently attending. But even now, I feel as unmotivated and carefree as I was in middle school and high school. I volunteer every opportunity I can with children. Before today, they were the sole reason that I truly found a passion  and enjoyment in life. But now, all I can think of is becoming a pediatrician in the future. I don’t want any child to live as my dad did when he was a child. I want all children to have the same opportunities that my dad has worked so hard to provide for me. My goal is now med school. It may seem unrealistic for a guy with my personality, but I want to make a difference in my life and my dad’s life. I have decided to start hitting the books and to work as hard as I physically can to achieve these dreams. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG)

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Compare and contrast - Essay Example According to this theory, the indication or manifestation of individual character materializes beginning with an individual’s believes and assumptions of how s/he is viewed by others, opinions by others about him/her, and also the emotions and sentiments arising from these believes. It is important to posit that this theory engages discernment as well as outcome. Discernment concerns how individuals are viewed by others whereas outcome depicts the consequences associated with opinions towards an individual portrayed by others (Cooley 14). The postulation of looking glass self is considered an important notion since individuals react and take action based on how other people imagine they should react. Therefore, the development of character or personality is a collective and shared course of action that is founded on associations between people (Brinkerhoff 57). In addition, the development of character is founded on individual aptitude of individual expression. The bio-ecological theory on the other hand posits that there are a number of stages associated with external surroundings that affect the creation of personality. According to Papalia, Feldman, and Martorell â€Å"Bronfenbrenner illustrated the micro-system as the setting within which the individual was behaving at a given moment in his or her life and the meso-system as the set of Microsystems constituting the individual’s developmental niche within a given period of development† (35). Bronfenbrenner introduced the hypothesis known as the bio-ecological theory that presents perfect support geared towards deliberating on the associations among certain traits in children as well as ecological attributes. According to this theory, a kid is portrayed as the most essential and fundamental stature. Micro-systems are the unswerving relationships among close relative, teaching instructors, and other individuals. The meso-systems connect the micro-systems and

Pepsi's Global Supply Chain Management Assignment

Pepsi's Global Supply Chain Management - Assignment Example From this discussion it is clear that  the delivery model adopted by Pepsi Inc has been of several benefits to the organization, and a good preference for the international fraternity. This is with regards to its detailed manner upon which it seeks to revolutionize the distribution platform in organizations that place their success on the efficiency of their distribution program. Pepsi Inc places a significant bet of their success to the success of their distribution program. This is with reference to the nature of their market and the competitiveness of their rivals. Apparently, Pepsi Inc is rated as the second largest organization in its field, worldwide.  This study highlights that  the development of this model of delivery had been steered by a list of objectives that were desired by Pepsi. These included issues such as the reduction of the cost incurred while channelling goods into warehouses, the address of the constraints that arise from limited space in the warehouse, a nd the reduction of the inventory platform to exclude the entries of the whole system but concentrate on the relevant avenues. Others included making sure subsequent growth of the stock keeping unit as the demands for improved storage proceeded to pile along.  The account provided by the organization over the development of the new system indicates that the desire to reduce the constrains or the challenges faced by the warehouse might have been the driving power.... Others included making sure subsequent growth of the stock keeping unit as the demands for improved storage proceeded to pile along (Byme, 2000). However, prior to the examination of the operations of this model, it is of significant interest to note the conditions that prompted Pepsi to act towards this angle of thoughts. Amongst them was the increased overwhelm of the warehouses in accommodating the increased dispatch being delivered by the main bottling unit of the organization. This was with respect to the increased demand for improvement in the quality of goods being delivered to Pepsi markets across the world. The account provided by the organization over the development of the new system indicates that the desire to reduce the constrains or the challenges faced by the warehouse might have been the driving power. This implies that the new project may have been developed along the platform of reducing the strains experienced by the organization’s warehouses. At some point , the realization of this ambition pointed on the transformation of the pre-existing warehouse into advanced models, hence the realization of the desired results. However, it is worthwhile to note that the realization of this dream has to perform increased borrowing of ideas from the stipulations of the culture of Pepsi. This can be extracted from an overview of the organization’s model of operation with regard to service deliver. The organization has been adopting the integration and collaboration initiatives for its supply chains. This implicates that there is a provision of service integration that is achieved from collaboration with other interested stakeholders in the